The Science Behind Oilskin Fabric and How to Maintain It

Exploring the Wonders of Oilskin: The Science Behind This Durable Fabric and Tips for Keeping It in Top Condition

Introduction

For centuries, outdoorsmen, mariners, and adventurers have relied on oilskin fabric to protect them from the elements. Prized for its water-resistance, durability and unique weathered look, oilskin has stood the test of time. But what exactly is oilskin and what properties make it so well-suited for rugged conditions? In this post, we'll dive into the science behind oilskin fabric and share some tips on how to properly care for your oilskin gear so it can accompany you on many adventures to come.

What is Oilskin Fabric?

At its core, oilskin is a tightly-woven cotton fabric that has been saturated with a blend of waxes and oils to impart water-resistance. Traditionally, linseed oil was used, but modern oilskins may use paraffin wax, beeswax or other proprietary wax formulations.

The Science of Oilskin's Water-Resistance

To understand how oilskin repels water, let's take a closer look at its structure on a microscopic level. Cotton fibers are made of cellulose - long chains of sugar molecules. These fibers are hydrophilic, meaning they readily absorb water.

However, when the cotton fabric is impregnated with waxes and oils, it fundamentally changes how the fabric interacts with water. Waxes like paraffin are hydrophobic - their molecular structure causes them to repel water. When applied to cotton, the waxy coating permeates the small spaces between the fibers. Water beads up on this waxy surface rather than soaking into the underlying fibers.

Imagine rain falling on an untreated cotton jacket. The water droplets would quickly wick into the fabric, spreading out and saturating the fibers. But picture that same rain hitting an oilskin coat. The drops bead up and roll right off the waxy surface, almost like water on a freshly waxed car. The hydrophobic wax layer acts as a protective barrier, preventing the cotton from absorbing water.

This waxy barrier not only keeps the wearer dry, but also protects the cotton fabric itself from water damage, mold and mildew. It's a marvelously simple yet effective system that has enabled oilskin garments to be relied upon in harsh wet weather for generations.

Caring For Your Oilskin Gear

While oilskin is renowned for its durability and longevity, proper care is key to keeping it performing at its best. Here are some tips:

• Cleaning: Brush off dirt and debris with a soft bristled brush. If needed, hand wash with cold water and a mild detergent designed for waterproof fabrics. Avoid harsh chemicals, dry cleaning and machine washing which can strip away the protective oils.
• Drying: Always air dry your oilskin, as high heat from a dryer can melt the wax. Hang the garment to dry in a well-ventilated area out of direct sunlight.
• Rewaxing: Over time and with heavy use, you may notice the fabric absorbing water rather than repelling it. This indicates it's time to rewax. Specific wax dressing can be applied to the fabric per the garment manufacturer's instructions to restore the water repellency. Allow ample time for the wax to fully cure before use.
• Storage: Hang your oilskin garments on sturdy wood hangers to maintain shape. Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources which can degrade the special oil and wax finish.

With a little care, your oilskin gear can be a rugged, dependable companion for years of outdoor adventures to come. The timeless functionality of oilskin is a testament to the enduring power of its simple science - a symbiosis of natural fibers and oils coming together to create a remarkably weatherproof fabric.